Ethnopharmacological Relevance of Selected Plants Used in The Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease

Abstract

Peptic ulcer illness is indicated by an internal sore on the stomach or duodenum due to an imbalance between defensive components such as (blood fluid, prostaglandins, and antioxidants) and offensive factors (excessive gastric acid, elevated free radicals and Helicobacter pylori). The two main things interfering with mucosal resistance to tissue injury are H. pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAID-induced injury to the gastroduodenal mucosa mostly results from systemic suppression of constitutively expressed cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), the enzyme that synthesises prostaglandins. Similar to this, H. pylori travels toward the gastric epithelium after entering the stomach and uses its urease to neutralize the stomach's acidity. There, it uses its adhesion molecule to bind to the gastric epithelial cell receptors. Most prominent plant species used when managing peptic ulcer illness include Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Zingiber officinale (Zingibireceae), Musa parasidiaca (Musaceae), Allium sativum (Amaryllideceae). Various naturally occurring chemicals having gastroprotective properties can be found in these medicinal plants such as kaempferol, quercetin and diosmin in flavonoids; rutaecarpine, rohitukine and piplartine in alkaloids; castalagin, casuarictin and corilagin in tannins. In summary, a great deal of plant species has been discovered, assessed, and recognized by science for their possible gastro-protective and anti-ulcer qualities. This will ultimately present beneficial chances for the development of innovative lead treatments to treat peptic ulcer disease.